基于EXCEL的作物灌水率图自动绘制与修正

在灌区的规划设计中,传统作物灌水率图的绘制一般都是手工方法,不仅效率低且修正起来很不方便,而且现有的灌水率图绘制软件一般存在着灌水率计算和灌水率图绘制相互独立、无法实时动态修正等不足.基此,综合利用EXCEL软件强大的数据处理、分析功能以及图形自动绘制功能,将灌水率计算与灌水率图绘制有机结合,从而实现灌水率图的快速绘制和动态调整.这种方法操作方便、简单,值得在工程设计部门推广使用.     

皖北石灰岩山地不同植被恢复模式对植物群落物种组成及多样性的影响

通过研究皖北石灰岩山地生态系统的植被群落,分析不同植被恢复群落的组成、结构、多样性和生活型组成,进而阐明石灰岩山地生态系统植被恢复模式对群落结构特征以及植物物种多样性的影响。结果表明:研究区有54种植物,隶属26科54属。侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)+构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)人工混交林有植物种类16科26种,分别占总数的61.5%和48.1%。酸枣(Ziziphus jujuba var.spinosa)+牡荆(Vitex negundo var.cannabifolia)灌丛和荩草(Arthraxon hispidus)+牡荆草灌丛植物种类分别为32和33种,分别占调查总物种数的59.3%和61.1%。不同植被恢复群落生活型也有差异。侧柏+构树人工混交林群落高位芽植物占优势,而酸枣+牡荆灌丛和荩草+牡荆草灌丛则以地面芽植物所占比例较大。分析表明,多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数均表现为侧柏+构树混交林>酸枣+牡荆灌丛>荩草+牡荆草灌丛,但物种丰富度表现为荩草+牡荆草灌丛>酸枣+牡荆灌丛>侧柏+构树混交林。Sörensen较高值出现在酸枣+牡荆灌丛与侧柏+构树混交林和荩草+牡荆草灌丛之间,侧柏+构树混交林与荩草+牡荆草灌丛Sörensen多样性值较低。研究结果表明,石灰岩山地独特的地貌特征和人工植被恢复对植物群落组成、多样性及其生活型组成产生重要影响。     

Different roles of rhizosphere effect and long-term fertilization in the activity and community structure of ammonia oxidizers in a calcareous fluvo-aquic soil

Ammonia oxidation is a critical step in the soil nitrogen (N) cycle and can be affected by the application of mineral fertilizers or organic manure. However, little is known about the rhizosphere effect on the function and structure of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial (AOB) and archaeal (AOA) communities, the most important organisms responsible for ammonia oxidation in agricultural ecosystems. Here, the potential nitrification activity (PNA), population size and composition of AOB and AOA communities in both the rhizosphere and bulk soil from a long-term (31-year) fertilizer field experiment conducted during two seasons (wheat and maize) were investigated using the shaken slurry method, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. N fertilization greatly enhanced PNA and AOB abundance, while manure application increased AOA abundance. The community structure of AOB exhibited more obvious shifts than that of AOA after long-term fertilization, resulting in more abundant AOB phylotypes similar to Nitrosospira clusters 3 and 4 in the N-fertilized treatments. Moreover, PNA was closely correlated with the abundance and community structure of AOB rather than that of AOA among soils during both seasons, indicating that AOB play an active role in ammonia oxidation. Conversely, the PNA and population sizes of AOB and AOA were typically higher in the rhizosphere than the bulk soil, implying a significant rhizosphere effect on ammonia oxidation. Cluster and redundancy analyses further showed that this rhizosphere effect played a more important role in shaping AOA community structure than long-term fertilization. Overall, the results indicate that AOB rather than AOA functionally dominate ammonia oxidation in the calcareous fluvo-aquic soil, and that rhizosphere effect and fertilization regime play different roles in the activity and community structures of AOB and AOA.     

Effects of silicon application on drought resistance of cucumber plants

A study on the effects of silicon supply on the resistance to drought in cucumber plants was conducted in pot experiments. The results suggested that in the absence of stress, silicon slightly enhanced the net photosynthetic rate, but significantly decreased the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance in cucumber plants. Silicon enhanced the net photosynthetic rate of cucumber plants under drought stress. Since silicon decreased the stomatal conductance, enhanced the capacity of holding water, and kept the transpiration rate at a relatively steady rate during drought stress, the photosynthesis of the cucumber plants was sustained. And under drought stress, silicon increased the biomass and water content of leaves in cucumber plants. Silicon decreased the decomposition of chlorophyll in cucumber plants under drought stress, limited the increase of the plasma membrane permeability and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaves, alleviated the physiological response of peroxidase (POD) to drought stress, maintained the superoxide dismutase (SOD) normal adaptation, and increased the activity of catalase (CAT). Under severe stress, these physiological biochemical reactions showed positive correlations with the amount of silicon supply. These findings demonstrated that silicon enhanced the resistance of the cucumber plants to drought. Statistical analysis indicated that under drought stress the cumulative value of biomass showed a highly significant correlation with the cumulative value of diurnal photosynthesis (r = 0.9812, p < 0.01), and was significantly correlated with the water content of leaves (r = 0.8650, p < 0.05). These results demonstrated that under drought stress the first factor responsible for the effects of silicon application on the cumulative value of biomass was the increase of photosynthesis, and the second factor was the enhancement of the water holding capacity. Based on these facts, it was concluded that silicon enhanced the resistance to drought mainly by taking part in the metabolism of plants.     

浅谈我国肉类加工企业在发展冷链物流中的现状

冷链物流是保证肉类食品质量安全和提高人们生活水平的重要保障。结合国内外冷链物流的发展情况,分析了我国肉类加工企业在冷链物流体系中应承担的责任和起到的作用,提出我国在完善冷链管理的法律法规和行业标准的同时,肉类加工企业应该注重人才培养和设备的投入,建立完善的冷链物流体系,促进行业发展。     

离体培养条件下半夏叶柄形成珠芽过程中内源激素的变化

为了探讨半夏试管珠芽形成的生理生化机制,以半夏无菌叶柄为材料,倒置在MS基本培养基上,对半夏珠芽形成过程中5种内源激素(IAA、GA3、ABA、ZR、JA)的动态变化进行了研究。结果表明:倒置半夏叶柄的珠芽无一例外地出现在叶柄形态学上端;ELISA方法测定显示,半夏叶柄形成珠芽的过程中叶柄上端IAA、ABA、ZR和JA的含量呈上升趋势,GA3在的珠芽形成初期急剧下降。随着珠芽的形成,GA3与其它各激素的平衡关系发生变化,IAA/GA3、ABA/GA3、ZR/GA3和JA/GA3的比值先呈下降趋势,15 d后开始上升;在珠芽快速形成期(10~20 d)IAA/GA3、ABA/GA3和JA/GA3维持在高的水平,其中JA/GA3的比值20 d后又呈上升趋势。     

镉胁迫对青菜幼苗某些生理特性以及基因组多态性的影响

以青菜品种"苏州青"为试材,采用生理生化方法和随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术,研究了镉(Cd)胁迫对青菜幼苗相关生理特性以及基因组多态性的影响。结果表明:不同浓度(1、5、10、20、40 mg·L-1)的Cd处理20 d后,青菜幼苗的鲜重、根伸长受到显著抑制,叶片的叶绿素以及蛋白质含量下降,丙二醛含量和细胞膜透性增加。选用8条寡核苷酸引物(10 bp)对青菜幼苗基因组DNA进行RAPD扩增,对照组的RAPD图谱中可分辨出55条谱带,Cd胁迫后的RAPD图谱发生改变,呈现谱带的增加、缺失和荧光强度的改变,并且与Cd浓度剂量-效应相关。随着Cd浓度的增加,幼苗叶片基因组的模板稳定性逐步下降,并且RAPD多态性与青菜幼苗的生理指标具有显著的相关性。以上结果表明,利用RAPD技术获得的DNA多态性变化谱带可作为检测Cd对青菜毒性效应的生物标记物。     

教师语言修养初探

教师语言修养是教师职业修养的重要组成部分,它对于学生知识的学习,思想情操的培养起着重要的作用。教师语言修养的核心是尊重。尊重教育事业,教师才能积极主动地提升语言修养;尊重学生,才能与学生形成和谐的语言交谈的氛围。教师语言修养主要体现在教师的口头语言、书面语言以及教师的体态语三个方面。教师语言要规范,要有教育性、艺术性。     

安徽医科大学第一附属医院竞争情报系统的构建

介绍了竞争情报和医院竞争情报的概念,分析了构建安徽医科大学第一附属医院构建医院竞争情报系统（HCIS）的必要性及其优势、劣势、机遇和面临的威胁,进行了SWOT分析。     

科研成果融入本科教学,培养大学生的科研创新意识

教学与科研是现代大学的两项最重要的社会功能,提高质量是其发展的核心任务。然而高质量人才的培养必须与高水平的科学研究紧密结合,因此如何正确的处理好科学研究与教学实践的关系、构建紧密型稳定的教学和科研融合协调机制,对于中国当代的高校教育显得非常重要。该文通过将具体的、最新的符合实践教学内容的生态学科研成果引入到本科课程的教学中,不仅丰富了教学内容,促进了课程建设,而且能够充分激发学生参与科学研究的积极性,培养他们的科研创新意识,促进大学本科教学与科研之间的紧密结合。因此,将最新的科研成果与本科教学相结合,可能是解决目前普遍存在的教学与科研分离现象的有效手段之一。